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* AnatomyOverlay3D - Toggleable anatomy visualization layers
*
* Provides skeleton, nerves, vascular, and surface anatomy overlays
* for educational training visualization
*/
import { useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber";
import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
import * as THREE from "three";
import { KOREAN_COLORS } from "../../../../types/constants";
const SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY = 1.0; // Enhanced glow for skeletal structure
const NERVE_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY = 1.5; // Balanced for bloom without performance impact
const VASCULAR_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY = 2.0; // Moderate intensity for blood vessels
const VASCULAR_PULSE_BASE = 1.0; // Base intensity for vascular pulse animation
const VASCULAR_PULSE_AMPLITUDE = 0.5; // Pulse variation amplitude (max 1.5 total)
const SKELETON_MAJOR_TRANSMISSION = 0.1; // Reduced transmission for more solid bone appearance (was 0.3)
const SKELETON_MAJOR_THICKNESS = 0.5; // Increased thickness for realistic bone structure (was 0.3)
const SKELETON_LIMB_TRANSMISSION = 0.05; // Reduced transmission for limbs (was 0.2)
const SKELETON_LIMB_THICKNESS = 0.4; // Increased thickness for limb bones (was 0.2)
const VASCULAR_TRANSMISSION = 0.2; // All vascular system meshes
const VASCULAR_THICKNESS = 0.2;
/**
* Anatomy layer types
*/
export type AnatomyLayer = "skeleton" | "nerves" | "vascular" | "surface";
/**
* Props for AnatomyOverlay3D component
*/
export interface AnatomyOverlay3DProps {
/** Position of the anatomy overlay (typically the dummy position) */
readonly position: [number, number, number];
/** Which anatomy layers to display */
readonly visibleLayers: readonly AnatomyLayer[];
/** Opacity of the overlay (0-1) */
readonly opacity?: number;
/** Whether on mobile device (reserved for future mobile-specific optimizations) */
readonly isMobile?: boolean;
}
/**
* Skeleton Layer Component
* Simplified skeletal structure visualization with glass-like transmission
*/
const SkeletonLayer: React.FC<{ opacity: number }> = ({ opacity }) => {
const groupRef = useRef<THREE.Group>(null);
const skullGeometry = useMemo(() => new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.25, 16, 16), []);
useEffect(() => {
return () => {
skullGeometry.dispose();
};
}, [skullGeometry]);
useFrame((state) => {
if (!groupRef.current) return;
const pulse = Math.sin(state.clock.elapsedTime * 2) * 0.4 + 0.6;
const meshes: THREE.Mesh[] = [];
groupRef.current.traverse((child) => {
if (
child instanceof THREE.Mesh &&
child.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial
) {
meshes.push(child);
}
});
meshes.forEach((mesh) => {
if (mesh.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial) {
mesh.material.emissiveIntensity = pulse;
}
});
});
return (
<group ref={groupRef}>
{/* Spine - vertical line */}
<mesh position={[0, 1.0, -0.05]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.03, 0.03, 1.6, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity}
transmission={SKELETON_MAJOR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_MAJOR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Increased roughness for bone texture (was 0.1)
clearcoat={0.3}
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Skull - wireframe sphere */}
<lineSegments position={[0, 1.6, 0]}>
<edgesGeometry args={[skullGeometry]} />
<lineBasicMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity}
/>
</lineSegments>
{/* Rib cage - horizontal lines */}
{[1.3, 1.15, 1.0, 0.85, 0.7].map((y, i) => (
<mesh key={i} position={[0, y, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, Math.PI / 2]}>
<torusGeometry args={[0.25 - i * 0.02, 0.02, 8, 16]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.7}
transmission={SKELETON_MAJOR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_MAJOR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
clearcoat={0.3}
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
))}
{/* Pelvis - simplified structure */}
<mesh position={[0, 0.5, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, Math.PI / 2]}>
<torusGeometry args={[0.25, 0.03, 8, 16]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity}
transmission={SKELETON_MAJOR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_MAJOR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
clearcoat={0.3}
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Left arm bones */}
<mesh position={[-0.4, 1.0, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, Math.PI / 6]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.02, 0.02, 0.6, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={SKELETON_LIMB_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_LIMB_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Right arm bones */}
<mesh position={[0.4, 1.0, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, -Math.PI / 6]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.02, 0.02, 0.6, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={SKELETON_LIMB_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_LIMB_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Leg bones */}
<mesh position={[-0.2, 0.3, 0]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.02, 0.02, 0.5, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={SKELETON_LIMB_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_LIMB_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
<mesh position={[0.2, 0.3, 0]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.02, 0.02, 0.5, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.WHITE_SOLID}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={SKELETON_LIMB_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={SKELETON_LIMB_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.4} // Bone texture (consistent with spine)
metalness={0} // Bone is non-metallic
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
emissiveIntensity={SKELETON_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
ior={1.55} // Index of refraction for bone
sheen={0.1} // Slight sheen for bone surface
sheenRoughness={0.9}
/>
</mesh>
</group>
);
};
/**
* Nerves Layer Component
* Nervous system pathways visualization
*/
const NervesLayer: React.FC<{ opacity: number }> = ({ opacity }) => {
const groupRef = useRef<THREE.Group>(null);
useFrame((state) => {
if (!groupRef.current) return;
const pulse = Math.sin(state.clock.elapsedTime * 3) * 0.5 + 0.5;
const targetIntensity = 1.0 + pulse * 0.5;
const meshes: THREE.Mesh[] = [];
groupRef.current.traverse((child) => {
if (
child instanceof THREE.Mesh &&
child.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial
) {
meshes.push(child);
}
});
meshes.forEach((mesh) => {
if (mesh.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial) {
mesh.material.emissiveIntensity = targetIntensity;
}
});
});
return (
<group ref={groupRef}>
{/* Spinal cord - central nerve */}
<mesh position={[0, 1.0, -0.08]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.025, 0.025, 1.6, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.SECONDARY_YELLOW}
transparent
opacity={opacity}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.SECONDARY_YELLOW}
emissiveIntensity={NERVE_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={1.0}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Nerve branches - from spine to limbs */}
{/* Cervical nerves (neck area) */}
{[-0.15, 0.15].map((x, i) => (
<mesh
key={`cervical-${i}`}
position={[x, 1.4, -0.08]}
rotation={[0, 0, x > 0 ? -Math.PI / 4 : Math.PI / 4]}
>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.015, 0.015, 0.2, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
emissiveIntensity={1.5}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={1.0}
/>
</mesh>
))}
{/* Brachial plexus (arm nerves) */}
{[-0.3, 0.3].map((x, i) => (
<mesh
key={`brachial-${i}`}
position={[x, 1.1, -0.08]}
rotation={[0, 0, x > 0 ? -Math.PI / 3 : Math.PI / 3]}
>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.015, 0.01, 0.3, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.7}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
emissiveIntensity={NERVE_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={1.0}
/>
</mesh>
))}
{/* Lumbar/sacral nerves (leg nerves) */}
{[-0.15, 0.15].map((x, i) => (
<mesh
key={`lumbar-${i}`}
position={[x, 0.5, -0.08]}
rotation={[0, 0, x > 0 ? -Math.PI / 6 : Math.PI / 6]}
>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.015, 0.01, 0.4, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.7}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_GOLD}
emissiveIntensity={NERVE_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={1.0}
/>
</mesh>
))}
</group>
);
};
/**
* Vascular Layer Component
* Blood vessel system visualization with glass-like transmission
*/
const VascularLayer: React.FC<{ opacity: number }> = ({ opacity }) => {
const groupRef = useRef<THREE.Group>(null);
useFrame((state) => {
if (!groupRef.current) return;
const pulse = Math.sin(state.clock.elapsedTime * 2) * 0.5 + 0.5;
const targetIntensity = VASCULAR_PULSE_BASE + pulse * VASCULAR_PULSE_AMPLITUDE;
const meshes: THREE.Mesh[] = [];
groupRef.current.traverse((child) => {
if (
child instanceof THREE.Mesh &&
child.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial
) {
meshes.push(child);
}
});
meshes.forEach((mesh) => {
if (mesh.material instanceof THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial) {
mesh.material.emissiveIntensity = targetIntensity;
}
});
});
return (
<group ref={groupRef}>
{/* Aorta - main artery */}
<mesh position={[0, 1.0, -0.1]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.02, 0.02, 1.4, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
transparent
opacity={opacity}
transmission={VASCULAR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={VASCULAR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={0.8}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
emissiveIntensity={VASCULAR_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Carotid arteries (neck) */}
{[-0.1, 0.1].map((x, i) => (
<mesh key={`carotid-${i}`} position={[x, 1.4, -0.05]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.015, 0.015, 0.3, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.9}
transmission={VASCULAR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={VASCULAR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={0.8}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
emissiveIntensity={VASCULAR_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
/>
</mesh>
))}
{/* Subclavian/axillary arteries (shoulder to arm) */}
{[-0.25, 0.25].map((x, i) => (
<mesh
key={`subclavian-${i}`}
position={[x, 1.15, -0.08]}
rotation={[0, 0, x > 0 ? -Math.PI / 4 : Math.PI / 4]}
>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.012, 0.012, 0.25, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={VASCULAR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={VASCULAR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={0.8}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
emissiveIntensity={VASCULAR_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
/>
</mesh>
))}
{/* Femoral arteries (legs) */}
{[-0.15, 0.15].map((x, i) => (
<mesh key={`femoral-${i}`} position={[x, 0.4, -0.08]}>
<cylinderGeometry args={[0.012, 0.012, 0.35, 6]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.8}
transmission={VASCULAR_TRANSMISSION}
thickness={VASCULAR_THICKNESS}
roughness={0.2}
clearcoat={0.8}
emissive={KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED}
emissiveIntensity={VASCULAR_EMISSIVE_INTENSITY}
/>
</mesh>
))}
</group>
);
};
/**
* Surface Layer Component
* Surface anatomy landmarks and skin layer
*/
const SurfaceLayer: React.FC<{ opacity: number }> = ({ opacity }) => {
return (
<group>
{/* Glass Skin Shell - Slightly larger than dummy to envelop internals */}
<mesh position={[0, 1.6, 0]}>
<sphereGeometry args={[0.26, 32, 32]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
<mesh position={[0, 1.0, 0]}>
<capsuleGeometry args={[0.31, 0.8, 8, 16]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Arms */}
<mesh position={[-0.4, 1.0, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, Math.PI / 6]}>
<capsuleGeometry args={[0.11, 0.6, 4, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
<mesh position={[0.4, 1.0, 0]} rotation={[0, 0, -Math.PI / 6]}>
<capsuleGeometry args={[0.11, 0.6, 4, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
{/* Legs */}
<mesh position={[-0.2, 0.3, 0]}>
<capsuleGeometry args={[0.13, 0.5, 4, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
<mesh position={[0.2, 0.3, 0]}>
<capsuleGeometry args={[0.13, 0.5, 4, 8]} />
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN}
roughness={0.2}
transmission={0.9}
thickness={0.5}
transparent
opacity={opacity * 0.5}
/>
</mesh>
</group>
);
};
/**
* AnatomyOverlay3D Component
* Main component that manages all anatomy layers
*/
export const AnatomyOverlay3D: React.FC<AnatomyOverlay3DProps> = ({
position,
visibleLayers,
opacity = 0.7,
}) => {
const showSkeleton = useMemo(
() => visibleLayers.includes("skeleton"),
[visibleLayers]
);
const showNerves = useMemo(
() => visibleLayers.includes("nerves"),
[visibleLayers]
);
const showVascular = useMemo(
() => visibleLayers.includes("vascular"),
[visibleLayers]
);
const showSurface = useMemo(
() => visibleLayers.includes("surface"),
[visibleLayers]
);
return (
<group position={position} name="anatomy-overlay-3d">
{showSkeleton && <SkeletonLayer opacity={opacity} />}
{showNerves && <NervesLayer opacity={opacity} />}
{showVascular && <VascularLayer opacity={opacity} />}
{showSurface && <SurfaceLayer opacity={opacity} />}
</group>
);
};
export default AnatomyOverlay3D;
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