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* BoneRenderer component for visualizing skeletal hierarchy
*
* Renders bone hierarchy as connected capsule meshes with proper transformations.
* Recursively renders parent-child bone relationships for complete skeleton visualization.
*
* @module components/three/BoneRenderer
* @category 3D Components
* @korean 뼈렌더러컴포넌트
*/
import { useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber";
import React, { useMemo, useRef } from "react";
import * as THREE from "three";
import {
BASE_BONE_RADIUS_RATIO,
calculateBoneThickness,
} from "../../../../constants/bodyRenderingConstants";
import type { PlayerArchetype } from "../../../../types/common";
import { KOREAN_COLORS } from "../../../../types/constants";
import type {
FacialDamageState,
FacialExpression,
} from "../../../../types/facial";
import { DEFAULT_FACIAL_DAMAGE } from "../../../../types/facial";
import type { HandAnimationState } from "../../../../types/hand-animation";
import type { Bone, SkeletalRig } from "../../../../types/skeletal";
import { BoneMuscles } from "./BoneAttachedMuscles";
import { BoneClothing } from "./BoneClothing";
import { BodySurface } from "./BodySurface";
import Face3D from "./Face3D";
import Foot3D from "./Foot3D";
import Hand3D from "./Hand3D";
/**
* Props for BoneRenderer component
*
* @public
* @category Component Props
* @korean 뼈렌더러속성
*/
export interface BoneRendererProps {
/**
* Skeletal rig to render
* @korean 골격
*/
readonly rig: SkeletalRig;
/**
* Bone color
* @korean 뼈색상
*/
readonly color?: number;
/**
* Whether to show bones (for debugging)
* @korean 뼈표시여부
*/
readonly showBones?: boolean;
/**
* Render mode: 'solid' for solid meshes, 'debug' for wireframe
* @korean 렌더모드
*/
readonly renderMode?: "solid" | "debug";
/**
* Left hand animation state
* @korean 왼손애니메이션상태
*/
readonly leftHandState?: HandAnimationState;
/**
* Right hand animation state
* @korean 오른손애니메이션상태
*/
readonly rightHandState?: HandAnimationState;
/**
* Distance from camera for LOD
* @korean 카메라거리
*/
readonly cameraDistance?: number;
/**
* Current facial expression
* @korean 얼굴표정
*/
readonly facialExpression?: FacialExpression;
/**
* Facial damage state
* @korean 얼굴손상
*/
readonly facialDamage?: FacialDamageState;
/**
* Opponent position for eye tracking
* @korean 상대위치
*/
readonly opponentPosition?: THREE.Vector3;
/**
* Enable facial expressions rendering
* @korean 얼굴표정렌더링
*/
readonly enableFacialExpressions?: boolean;
/**
* Enable eye tracking
* @korean 눈추적활성화
*/
readonly enableEyeTracking?: boolean;
/**
* Physical attributes for bone thickness scaling
* @korean 신체속성
*/
readonly physicalAttributes?: {
readonly muscleMass: number;
readonly fatMass: number;
readonly shoulderWidth?: number;
readonly torsoLength?: number;
readonly armLength?: number;
readonly legLength?: number;
};
/**
* Player archetype for clothing style
* @korean 플레이어원형
*/
readonly archetype?: PlayerArchetype;
/**
* Muscle tension states for bone-attached muscles
* Map of muscle group name to tension level (0-1)
* @korean 근육상태들
*/
readonly muscleStates?: Map<string, number>;
/**
* Whether player is exhausted (triggers muscle shaking)
* @korean 피로여부
*/
readonly isExhausted?: boolean;
}
/**
* Single bone renderer with transformation
*
* Renders a single bone as a capsule connecting to its parent.
*
* @param bone - Bone to render
* @param color - Bone color
* @param renderMode - Render mode
* @param leftHandState - Left hand animation state
* @param rightHandState - Right hand animation state
* @param cameraDistance - Distance from camera
* @param boneThicknessMultiplier - Thickness multiplier for bone radius
* @korean 단일뼈렌더러
*/
const SingleBone: React.FC<{
readonly bone: Bone;
readonly color: number;
readonly renderMode: "solid" | "debug";
readonly leftHandState?: HandAnimationState;
readonly rightHandState?: HandAnimationState;
readonly cameraDistance?: number;
readonly facialExpression?: FacialExpression;
readonly facialDamage?: FacialDamageState;
readonly opponentPosition?: THREE.Vector3;
readonly enableFacialExpressions?: boolean;
readonly enableEyeTracking?: boolean;
readonly boneThicknessMultiplier?: number;
readonly muscleStates?: Map<string, number>;
readonly isExhausted?: boolean;
readonly physicalAttributes?: {
readonly muscleMass: number;
readonly fatMass: number;
readonly shoulderWidth?: number;
readonly torsoLength?: number;
readonly armLength?: number;
readonly legLength?: number;
};
readonly archetype?: PlayerArchetype;
}> = ({
bone,
color,
renderMode,
leftHandState,
rightHandState,
cameraDistance = 10,
facialExpression,
facialDamage,
opponentPosition,
enableFacialExpressions = false,
enableEyeTracking = true,
boneThicknessMultiplier = 1.0,
muscleStates,
isExhausted = false,
physicalAttributes,
archetype,
}) => {
// Ref for the bone group to update rotation imperatively
const groupRef = useRef<THREE.Group>(null);
// Sync bone rotation from animation system each frame
// This is necessary because bone.rotation is mutated in place by batchUpdateBones
// and React doesn't detect the mutation (no state/prop change)
useFrame(() => {
if (groupRef.current) {
// Apply current bone rotation and position from animation system
groupRef.current.rotation.set(
bone.rotation.x,
bone.rotation.y,
bone.rotation.z,
);
groupRef.current.position.set(
bone.position.x,
bone.position.y,
bone.position.z,
);
}
});
// Calculate bone direction and length
const boneTransform = useMemo(() => {
const length = bone.length;
// CapsuleGeometry in Three.js is aligned along the Y-axis by default (0, 1, 0)
const capsuleDefaultDirection = new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0);
// Calculate rotation to align with bone direction if parent exists
let rotation = new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0);
// Offset to position capsule between parent and this bone's position
// Capsules extend equally in both directions, so we offset by half length toward parent
let offset = new THREE.Vector3(0, -length / 2, 0);
if (bone.parent) {
// Use this bone's local position (parent → child vector) and normalize to get the direction
// Extract coordinates and manually normalize to avoid issues with Vector3 method availability
const x = bone.position.x ?? 0;
const y = bone.position.y ?? 0;
const z = bone.position.z ?? 0;
const positionLength = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
Eif (positionLength > 0.001) {
// Manually normalize to get a stable direction vector
const targetX = x / positionLength;
const targetY = y / positionLength;
const targetZ = z / positionLength;
const target = new THREE.Vector3(targetX, targetY, targetZ);
// Calculate quaternion rotation from capsule's default Y-axis to target direction
const quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromUnitVectors(
capsuleDefaultDirection,
target,
);
rotation = new THREE.Euler().setFromQuaternion(quaternion);
// Calculate offset in the direction toward parent (negative of bone direction)
// This positions the capsule to connect parent → this bone
offset = new THREE.Vector3(
(-targetX * length) / 2,
(-targetY * length) / 2,
(-targetZ * length) / 2,
);
}
}
return { length, rotation, offset };
}, [bone]);
// Determine if muscles are being rendered - if so, hide bone geometry
// to prevent layer stacking that causes "bubble man" appearance
const hasMuscles = muscleStates !== undefined && muscleStates.size > 0;
return (
<group
ref={groupRef}
scale={bone.scale.toArray()}
name={`bone-${bone.name}`}
>
{/* Bone capsule connecting to parent - ONLY render if no muscles (muscles provide body shape) */}
{renderMode === "solid" && !hasMuscles ? (
<mesh
position={boneTransform.offset.toArray()}
rotation={[
boneTransform.rotation.x,
boneTransform.rotation.y,
boneTransform.rotation.z,
]}
castShadow
receiveShadow
>
<capsuleGeometry
args={[
boneTransform.length *
BASE_BONE_RADIUS_RATIO *
boneThicknessMultiplier, // Radius scaled by thickness
boneTransform.length, // Length unchanged
4,
8,
]}
/>
<meshPhysicalMaterial
color={color}
metalness={0.5}
roughness={0.4}
clearcoat={1.0}
clearcoatRoughness={0.1}
envMapIntensity={1.0}
/>
</mesh>
) : renderMode === "debug" ? (
<mesh
position={boneTransform.offset.toArray()}
rotation={[
boneTransform.rotation.x,
boneTransform.rotation.y,
boneTransform.rotation.z,
]}
>
<capsuleGeometry
args={[
boneTransform.length *
BASE_BONE_RADIUS_RATIO *
boneThicknessMultiplier, // Radius scaled by thickness
boneTransform.length, // Length unchanged
4,
8,
]}
/>
<meshBasicMaterial
color={color}
wireframe={true}
transparent={true}
opacity={0.5}
/>
</mesh>
) : null}
{/* Joint sphere at bone position */}
{renderMode === "debug" && (
<mesh>
<sphereGeometry
args={[
boneTransform.length *
BASE_BONE_RADIUS_RATIO *
1.2 *
boneThicknessMultiplier,
8,
8,
]}
/>
<meshBasicMaterial color={KOREAN_COLORS.PRIMARY_CYAN} />
</mesh>
)}
{/* Render bone-attached muscles */}
{renderMode === "solid" && muscleStates && (
<BoneMuscles
boneName={bone.name}
muscleStates={muscleStates}
isExhausted={isExhausted}
physicalAttributes={physicalAttributes}
/>
)}
{/* Render body surface (skin/flesh layer) - provides continuous humanoid appearance */}
{renderMode === "solid" && archetype && physicalAttributes && (
<BodySurface
boneName={bone.name}
archetype={archetype}
cameraDistance={cameraDistance}
physicalAttributes={{
muscleMass: physicalAttributes.muscleMass,
fatMass: physicalAttributes.fatMass,
shoulderWidth: physicalAttributes.shoulderWidth ?? 45,
torsoLength: physicalAttributes.torsoLength ?? 59,
armLength: physicalAttributes.armLength ?? 77,
legLength: physicalAttributes.legLength ?? 96,
}}
/>
)}
{/* Render bone-attached clothing */}
{renderMode === "solid" && archetype && physicalAttributes && (
<BoneClothing
boneName={bone.name}
archetype={archetype}
physicalAttributes={{
muscleMass: physicalAttributes.muscleMass,
fatMass: physicalAttributes.fatMass,
shoulderWidth: physicalAttributes.shoulderWidth ?? 45,
torsoLength: physicalAttributes.torsoLength ?? 59,
armLength: physicalAttributes.armLength ?? 77,
legLength: physicalAttributes.legLength ?? 96,
}}
/>
)}
{/* Render children recursively */}
{bone.children.map((childBone) => (
<SingleBone
key={childBone.name}
bone={childBone}
color={color}
renderMode={renderMode}
leftHandState={leftHandState}
rightHandState={rightHandState}
cameraDistance={cameraDistance}
facialExpression={facialExpression}
facialDamage={facialDamage}
opponentPosition={opponentPosition}
enableFacialExpressions={enableFacialExpressions}
enableEyeTracking={enableEyeTracking}
boneThicknessMultiplier={boneThicknessMultiplier}
muscleStates={muscleStates}
isExhausted={isExhausted}
physicalAttributes={physicalAttributes}
archetype={archetype}
/>
))}
{/* Add hands at hand bones with animation state */}
{bone.name === "hand_L" && leftHandState && (
<Hand3D
side="left"
pose={leftHandState.currentPose}
fingerCurl={leftHandState.currentFingerCurl}
distanceFromCamera={cameraDistance}
wristRotation={leftHandState.currentWristRotation}
isHighlighted={leftHandState.isHighlighted}
highlightMode={leftHandState.highlightMode}
skinColor={color}
scale={1.0}
/>
)}
{bone.name === "hand_R" && rightHandState && (
<Hand3D
side="right"
pose={rightHandState.currentPose}
fingerCurl={rightHandState.currentFingerCurl}
distanceFromCamera={cameraDistance}
wristRotation={rightHandState.currentWristRotation}
isHighlighted={rightHandState.isHighlighted}
highlightMode={rightHandState.highlightMode}
skinColor={color}
scale={1.0}
/>
)}
{/* Add feet at foot bones with archetype scaling */}
{bone.name === "foot_L" && (
<Foot3D
side="left"
skinColor={color}
scale={boneThicknessMultiplier}
isHighlighted={false}
/>
)}
{bone.name === "foot_R" && (
<Foot3D
side="right"
skinColor={color}
scale={boneThicknessMultiplier}
isHighlighted={false}
/>
)}
{/* Add facial features at head bone */}
{bone.name === "head" && enableFacialExpressions && facialExpression && (
<Face3D
expression={facialExpression}
damage={facialDamage ?? DEFAULT_FACIAL_DAMAGE}
opponentPosition={opponentPosition ?? new THREE.Vector3(5, 2, 0)}
headRotation={bone.rotation.clone()}
enableEyeTracking={enableEyeTracking}
enableDamageVisuals={true}
isMobile={cameraDistance > 15}
skinColor={color}
/>
)}
</group>
);
};
/**
* BoneRenderer component
*
* Renders complete skeletal rig with recursive bone hierarchy.
*
* @example
* ```tsx
* const rig = createHumanoidRig();
* <BoneRenderer rig={rig} color={0xFF6B6B} renderMode="solid" />
* ```
*
* @korean 뼈렌더러컴포넌트
*/
export const BoneRenderer: React.FC<BoneRendererProps> = ({
rig,
color = KOREAN_COLORS.ACCENT_RED,
showBones = true,
renderMode = "solid",
leftHandState,
rightHandState,
cameraDistance = 10,
facialExpression,
facialDamage,
opponentPosition,
enableFacialExpressions = false, // Default false to avoid breaking existing tests
enableEyeTracking = true,
physicalAttributes,
muscleStates,
isExhausted = false,
archetype,
}) => {
// Calculate bone thickness multiplier from physical attributes
const boneThicknessMultiplier = useMemo(() => {
Iif (!physicalAttributes) return 1.0;
return calculateBoneThickness(
physicalAttributes.muscleMass,
physicalAttributes.fatMass,
);
}, [physicalAttributes]);
Iif (!showBones) {
return null;
}
return (
<group name="bone-renderer">
<SingleBone
bone={rig.root}
color={color}
renderMode={renderMode}
leftHandState={leftHandState}
rightHandState={rightHandState}
cameraDistance={cameraDistance}
facialExpression={facialExpression}
facialDamage={facialDamage}
opponentPosition={opponentPosition}
enableFacialExpressions={enableFacialExpressions}
enableEyeTracking={enableEyeTracking}
boneThicknessMultiplier={boneThicknessMultiplier}
muscleStates={muscleStates}
isExhausted={isExhausted}
physicalAttributes={physicalAttributes}
archetype={archetype}
/>
</group>
);
};
export default BoneRenderer;
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