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* Knockback Physics System for realistic force-based displacement.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 물리 시스템 (Knockback Physics System)
*
* Implements realistic combat knockback mechanics that calculate force-based
* displacement when players are hit. The system integrates with BalanceSystem
* for authentic stumbling/falling reactions.
*
* ## Knockback Mechanics
*
* Knockback force is determined by:
* - Attack damage and technique type
* - Impact angle and direction
* - Current balance state
* - Stance resistance modifiers (8 trigram stances)
*
* ## Balance Integration
*
* - High balance (>70%): Reduced knockback by 30%
* - Medium balance (40-70%): Normal knockback
* - Low balance (<40%): Increased knockback by 50%, stumbling
* - Critical balance (<20%): Guaranteed fall, 2s recovery
*
* ## Performance
*
* Optimized for 60fps with efficient vector calculations and smooth
* easing curves for realistic knockback feel.
*
* @module systems/physics/KnockbackPhysics
* @category Physics System
* @korean 밀침물리
*/
import * as THREE from 'three';
import { TrigramStance } from '@/types/common';
/**
* Balance state information for knockback calculations.
*
* **Korean**: 균형 상태 (Balance State)
*
* @public
* @korean 균형상태
*/
export interface BalanceState {
/** Current balance value (0-100) */
readonly current: number;
/** Maximum balance value (typically 100) */
readonly max: number;
}
/**
* Configuration for knockback force calculation.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 설정 (Knockback Configuration)
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침설정
*/
export interface KnockbackConfig {
/** Force magnitude in Newtons */
readonly force: number;
/** Normalized attack direction vector (attacker → defender) */
readonly direction: THREE.Vector3;
/** Duration of knockback effect in seconds */
readonly duration: number;
/** Current balance state */
readonly balanceState: BalanceState;
/** Current trigram stance */
readonly currentStance: TrigramStance;
}
/**
* Result of knockback calculation.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 결과 (Knockback Result)
*
* Contains displacement vector, animation timing, and fall determination.
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침결과
*/
export interface KnockbackResult {
/** Total knockback displacement vector in world space */
readonly displacement: THREE.Vector3;
/** Duration of knockback animation in seconds */
readonly duration: number;
/** Vulnerable state duration after knockback ends in seconds */
readonly recoveryWindow: number;
/** Whether fall animation should trigger */
readonly shouldFall: boolean;
}
/**
* Knockback Physics Engine.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 물리 엔진
*
* Calculates realistic knockback displacement based on attack force,
* stance resistance, and balance state. Integrates with BalanceSystem
* for stumbling and falling mechanics.
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const physics = new KnockbackPhysics();
*
* // Calculate knockback from heavy strike
* const config: KnockbackConfig = {
* force: 800, // 80 damage
* direction: new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0).normalize(),
* duration: 0.8,
* balanceState: { current: 35, max: 100 }, // Low balance
* currentStance: TrigramStance.LI, // Fire stance (low resistance)
* };
*
* const result = physics.calculateKnockback(config, 80);
* // Result: 2.5m base * 1.3 (Fire penalty) * 1.5 (low balance) = ~4.9m
* // shouldFall: false (balance > 20%)
* // recoveryWindow: 1.05s (0.7s * 1.5 for low balance)
* ```
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침물리
*/
export class KnockbackPhysics {
/**
* Calculates knockback displacement and effects.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 계산 (Calculate Knockback)
*
* Determines knockback distance, duration, and fall state based on:
* 1. Base knockback from damage amount
* 2. Stance resistance modifier (8 trigram effects)
* 3. Balance state modifier (stumbling/falling)
* 4. Recovery window (vulnerable state after)
*
* @param config - Knockback configuration with force and state
* @param attackDamage - Damage dealt by attack (0-100+)
* @returns Knockback result with displacement and timing
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* // Light strike on stable player
* const light = physics.calculateKnockback({
* force: 300,
* direction: attackVector,
* duration: 0.3,
* balanceState: { current: 85, max: 100 },
* currentStance: TrigramStance.GEON,
* }, 30);
* // Result: ~0.3m knockback (0.5m * 0.9 Geon * 0.7 high balance)
*
* // Critical strike on low-balance player
* const critical = physics.calculateKnockback({
* force: 1200,
* direction: attackVector,
* duration: 1.2,
* balanceState: { current: 15, max: 100 },
* currentStance: TrigramStance.SON,
* }, 110);
* // Result: ~9.6m knockback, shouldFall: true, 3.0s recovery
* ```
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침계산
*/
calculateKnockback(config: KnockbackConfig, attackDamage: number): KnockbackResult {
// 1. Base knockback distance from damage
let baseDistance = this.getBaseKnockbackDistance(attackDamage);
// 2. Apply stance resistance modifier
const stanceResistance = this.getStanceResistanceModifier(config.currentStance);
baseDistance *= (1 - stanceResistance);
// 3. Apply balance modifier (stumbling/falling)
const balanceModifier = this.getBalanceModifier(config.balanceState);
const finalDistance = baseDistance * balanceModifier;
// 4. Calculate displacement vector
const displacement = config.direction.clone().multiplyScalar(finalDistance);
// 5. Determine duration based on distance
const duration = this.calculateKnockbackDuration(finalDistance);
// 6. Calculate recovery window (vulnerable state)
const recoveryWindow = this.calculateRecoveryWindow(attackDamage, config.balanceState);
// 7. Check if balance is critical (should fall)
const shouldFall = config.balanceState.current < 20;
return {
displacement,
duration,
recoveryWindow,
shouldFall,
};
}
/**
* Gets base knockback distance from damage amount.
*
* **Korean**: 기본 밀침 거리 (Base Knockback Distance)
*
* Damage thresholds:
* - Light (20-40): 0.5m knockback, 0.3s duration
* - Medium (40-70): 1.2m knockback, 0.5s duration
* - Heavy (70-100): 2.5m knockback, 0.8s duration
* - Critical (100+): 4.0m knockback, 1.2s duration + fall
*
* @param damage - Attack damage amount
* @returns Base knockback distance in meters
*
* @private
* @korean 기본밀침거리
*/
private getBaseKnockbackDistance(damage: number): number {
if (damage < 40) return 0.5; // Light strike
if (damage < 70) return 1.2; // Medium strike
if (damage < 100) return 2.5; // Heavy strike
return 4.0; // Critical strike
}
/**
* Gets stance resistance modifier for knockback.
*
* **Korean**: 자세 저항 배율 (Stance Resistance Modifier)
*
* Trigram stance resistance modifiers:
* - ☶ 간 (Gan/Mountain): +40% resistance (defensive mastery)
* - ☷ 곤 (Gon/Earth): +30% resistance (grounded techniques)
* - ☰ 건 (Geon/Heaven): +10% resistance (balanced force)
* - ☵ 감 (Gam/Water): 0% (neutral, adaptive)
* - ☱ 태 (Tae/Lake): 0% (neutral, fluid)
* - ☳ 진 (Jin/Thunder): -10% resistance (explosive power)
* - ☴ 손 (Son/Wind): -20% resistance (fluid, mobile)
* - ☲ 리 (Li/Fire): -30% resistance (aggressive, exposed)
*
* @param stance - Current trigram stance
* @returns Resistance modifier (-0.3 to +0.4)
*
* @private
* @korean 자세저항배율
*/
private getStanceResistanceModifier(stance: TrigramStance): number {
const resistances: Record<TrigramStance, number> = {
[TrigramStance.GAN]: 0.40, // Mountain: +40% resistance
[TrigramStance.GON]: 0.30, // Earth: +30% resistance
[TrigramStance.GEON]: 0.10, // Heaven: +10% resistance
[TrigramStance.GAM]: 0.00, // Water: neutral
[TrigramStance.TAE]: 0.00, // Lake: neutral
[TrigramStance.JIN]: -0.10, // Thunder: -10% resistance
[TrigramStance.SON]: -0.20, // Wind: -20% resistance (fluid)
[TrigramStance.LI]: -0.30, // Fire: -30% resistance (aggressive)
};
return resistances[stance];
}
/**
* Gets balance modifier for knockback distance.
*
* **Korean**: 균형 배율 (Balance Modifier)
*
* Balance thresholds:
* - High balance (>70%): 0.70x (30% reduction)
* - Medium balance (40-70%): 1.00x (normal)
* - Low balance (20-40%): 1.50x (50% increase, stumbling)
* - Critical balance (<20%): 2.00x (100% increase, falling)
*
* @param balanceState - Current balance state
* @returns Balance multiplier (0.7 to 2.0)
*
* @private
* @korean 균형배율
*/
private getBalanceModifier(balanceState: BalanceState): number {
const balancePercent = (balanceState.current / balanceState.max) * 100;
if (balancePercent > 70) return 0.70; // High balance: -30% knockback
if (balancePercent > 40) return 1.00; // Normal knockback
if (balancePercent > 20) return 1.50; // Low balance: +50% knockback
return 2.00; // Critical balance: +100% knockback
}
/**
* Calculates knockback animation duration.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 지속시간 계산 (Calculate Knockback Duration)
*
* Linear relationship between distance and duration:
* - 0.5m = 0.3s (light)
* - 1.2m = 0.48s
* - 2.5m = 0.86s
* - 4.0m = 1.2s (critical)
*
* @param distance - Knockback distance in meters
* @returns Duration in seconds
*
* @private
* @korean 밀침지속시간계산
*/
private calculateKnockbackDuration(distance: number): number {
// Linear relationship: 0.5m = 0.3s, 4.0m = 1.2s
return 0.3 + (distance / 4.0) * 0.9;
}
/**
* Calculates recovery window (vulnerability duration).
*
* **Korean**: 회복 대기시간 계산 (Calculate Recovery Window)
*
* Recovery windows by damage:
* - Light (<40): 0.2s vulnerability
* - Medium (40-70): 0.4s vulnerability
* - Heavy (70-100): 0.7s vulnerability
* - Critical (100+): 1.5s vulnerability + grounded
*
* Low balance increases vulnerability by 50%.
*
* @param damage - Attack damage amount
* @param balanceState - Current balance state
* @returns Vulnerability duration in seconds
*
* @private
* @korean 회복대기시간계산
*/
private calculateRecoveryWindow(damage: number, balanceState: BalanceState): number {
// Base recovery time from damage
const baseRecoveryTime = damage < 40 ? 0.2 : damage < 70 ? 0.4 : damage < 100 ? 0.7 : 1.5;
// Increase recovery time if balance is low (more vulnerable)
const balancePercent = (balanceState.current / balanceState.max) * 100;
const balanceModifier = balancePercent < 40 ? 1.5 : 1.0;
return baseRecoveryTime * balanceModifier;
}
/**
* Applies knockback force to player position over time.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 힘 적용 (Apply Knockback Force)
*
* Uses smooth ease-out cubic curve for realistic knockback feel:
* - Fast initial displacement (impact)
* - Gradual deceleration (friction/resistance)
* - Smooth stop at final position
*
* @param playerPosition - Current player position
* @param result - Knockback result with displacement
* @param deltaTime - Time elapsed since knockback started
* @param progress - Knockback progress (0 to 1)
* @returns New player position
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* // In game loop (60fps)
* const newPosition = physics.applyKnockbackForce(
* playerPosition,
* knockbackResult,
* deltaTime,
* elapsedTime / knockbackResult.duration
* );
*
* // Progress 0.0: At original position
* // Progress 0.5: ~88% of total displacement (ease-out)
* // Progress 1.0: At final position
* ```
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침힘적용
*/
applyKnockbackForce(
playerPosition: THREE.Vector3,
result: KnockbackResult,
_deltaTime: number,
progress: number
): THREE.Vector3 {
// Clamp progress to [0, 1]
const clampedProgress = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, progress));
// Smooth knockback curve (ease-out cubic)
// Fast initial impact, gradual deceleration
const easedProgress = 1 - Math.pow(1 - clampedProgress, 3);
// Calculate position along knockback path
const currentDisplacement = result.displacement.clone().multiplyScalar(easedProgress);
return playerPosition.clone().add(currentDisplacement);
}
/**
* Checks if player is currently in knockback state.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 상태 확인 (Check Knockback State)
*
* @param elapsedTime - Time elapsed since knockback started
* @param duration - Total knockback duration
* @returns True if still in knockback animation
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침상태확인
*/
isInKnockback(elapsedTime: number, duration: number): boolean {
return elapsedTime < duration;
}
/**
* Checks if player is in recovery window (vulnerable state).
*
* **Korean**: 회복 대기 확인 (Check Recovery Window)
*
* @param elapsedTime - Time elapsed since knockback ended
* @param recoveryWindow - Total recovery window duration
* @returns True if in vulnerable recovery state
*
* @public
* @korean 회복대기확인
*/
isInRecoveryWindow(elapsedTime: number, recoveryWindow: number): boolean {
return elapsedTime < recoveryWindow;
}
/**
* Gets bilingual Korean-English name for knockback state.
*
* **Korean**: 밀침 상태 이름 (Knockback State Name)
*
* @param shouldFall - Whether knockback causes fall
* @returns Korean and English state names
*
* @public
* @korean 밀침상태이름
*/
static getKnockbackStateName(shouldFall: boolean): { korean: string; english: string } {
if (shouldFall) {
return {
korean: "넘어짐",
english: "Falling",
};
}
return {
korean: "밀침",
english: "Knockback",
};
}
/**
* Gets bilingual Korean-English name for recovery state.
*
* **Korean**: 회복 상태 이름 (Recovery State Name)
*
* @returns Korean and English state names
*
* @public
* @korean 회복상태이름
*/
getRecoveryStateName(): { korean: string; english: string } {
return {
korean: "회복",
english: "Recovery",
};
}
/**
* Gets bilingual Korean-English name for stumbling state.
*
* **Korean**: 휘청거림 상태 이름 (Stumbling State Name)
*
* @returns Korean and English state names
*
* @public
* @korean 휘청거림상태이름
*/
getStumblingStateName(): { korean: string; english: string } {
return {
korean: "휘청거림",
english: "Stumbling",
};
}
}
export default KnockbackPhysics;
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