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* Korean martial arts step movement animations with skeletal keyframes
*
* Defines realistic tactical step animation sequences for precise footwork
* with 30cm distance, 300ms duration (18 frames at 60fps), and guard maintenance.
*
* @module systems/animation/StepSkeletalAnimations
* @category Animation System
* @korean 발걸음애니메이션
*/
import * as THREE from "three";
import type { SkeletalAnimation } from "../../types/skeletal";
import { BoneName } from "../../types/skeletal";
/**
* FORWARD STEP Animation (전진보법)
*
* Tactical forward step with weight transfer and guard maintenance.
*
* Animation phases:
* 1. Preparation (0-0.1s): Weight shifts to back foot, crouch slightly
* 2. Movement (0.1-0.2s): Front foot lifts and extends forward
* 3. Landing (0.2-0.25s): Front foot plants, weight transfers forward
* 4. Stabilization (0.25-0.3s): Back foot follows, body straightens
*
* Distance: 30cm forward
* Duration: 300ms (18 frames at 60fps)
* Guard: Maintained throughout
*
* @korean 전진보법애니메이션
*/
export const STEP_FORWARD_ANIMATION: SkeletalAnimation = {
name: "step_forward",
koreanName: "전진보법",
duration: 0.3,
loop: false,
type: "movement",
keyframes: [
// Frame 1: Preparation - Weight shift (0.0s)
{
time: 0.0,
easing: "linear",
boneRotations: new Map([
// Pelvis lowers slightly (crouch)
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Back knee bends slightly more
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Guard arms maintained
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
// Weight on back foot
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.02, 0)],
]),
},
// Frame 2: Movement - Foot lift (0.1s)
{
time: 0.1,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
// Front knee lifts
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.3, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Front hip flexes
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Ankle dorsiflexion
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Euler(0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Pelvis tilts forward slightly with subtle hip drive (Y-rotation)
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0.08, 0.03, 0, "XYZ")],
// Spine counter-rotation for natural walking mechanics
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, -0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0.02, -0.03, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, -0.04, 0, "XYZ")],
// Guard maintained
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
// Front foot lifts 8cm
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0.08, 0.1)],
// Center of gravity shifts forward
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.01, 0.05)],
]),
},
// Frame 3: Landing - Foot placement (0.2s)
{
time: 0.2,
easing: "ease-in",
boneRotations: new Map([
// Front leg extends
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.1, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Ankle plantar flexion for landing
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Back leg begins to extend
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Hip and spine transition - reducing counter-rotation
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0.02, 0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, -0.01, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0.01, -0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, -0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
// Guard maintained
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
// Front foot lands 30cm forward
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0.3)],
// Weight transfers forward
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0.15)],
]),
},
// Frame 4: Stabilization - Complete (0.3s)
{
time: 0.3,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
// Both legs stable
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Pelvis and spine return to neutral
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Guard maintained
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
// Back foot has followed forward
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0.3)],
// Full weight transfer complete
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0.3)],
]),
},
],
};
/**
* BACKWARD STEP Animation (후퇴보법)
*
* Tactical retreat step maintaining guard and balance.
*
* Duration: 300ms (18 frames at 60fps)
* Distance: 30cm backward
* Guard: Maintained throughout
*
* @korean 후퇴보법애니메이션
*/
export const STEP_BACK_ANIMATION: SkeletalAnimation = {
name: "step_back",
koreanName: "후퇴보법",
duration: 0.3,
loop: false,
type: "movement",
keyframes: [
// Preparation
{
time: 0.0,
easing: "linear",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.02, 0)],
]),
},
// Back foot lift
{
time: 0.1,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.3, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Euler(0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Pelvis tilts back with subtle hip drive (Y-rotation opposite to forward step)
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(-0.08, -0.03, 0, "XYZ")],
// Spine counter-rotation for natural retreating mechanics
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(-0.02, 0.03, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0.04, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0.08, -0.1)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.01, -0.05)],
]),
},
// Landing
{
time: 0.2,
easing: "ease-in",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.1, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Hip and spine transition - reducing counter-rotation
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(-0.02, -0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0.01, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(-0.01, 0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0.02, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -0.3)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -0.15)],
]),
},
// Stabilization
{
time: 0.3,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
// Pelvis and spine return to neutral
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_LOWER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_UPPER, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -0.3)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, -0.3)],
]),
},
],
};
/**
* LEFT STEP Animation (좌측면보법)
*
* Lateral step to the left maintaining guard.
*
* Duration: 300ms
* Distance: 30cm left
*
* @korean 좌측면보법애니메이션
*/
export const STEP_LEFT_ANIMATION: SkeletalAnimation = {
name: "step_left",
koreanName: "좌측면보법",
duration: 0.3,
loop: false,
type: "movement",
keyframes: [
{
time: 0.0,
easing: "linear",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.02, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.1,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.3, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.15, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.1, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.08, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(-0.1, 0.08, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(-0.05, -0.01, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.2,
easing: "ease-in",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.1, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(-0.3, 0, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(-0.15, 0, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.3,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(-0.3, 0, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(-0.3, 0, 0)],
]),
},
],
};
/**
* RIGHT STEP Animation (우측면보법)
*
* Lateral step to the right maintaining guard.
*
* Duration: 300ms
* Distance: 30cm right
*
* @korean 우측면보법애니메이션
*/
export const STEP_RIGHT_ANIMATION: SkeletalAnimation = {
name: "step_right",
koreanName: "우측면보법",
duration: 0.3,
loop: false,
type: "movement",
keyframes: [
{
time: 0.0,
easing: "linear",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.15, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.02, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.1,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.3, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.15, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.1, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.08, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(0.1, 0.08, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0.05, -0.01, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.2,
easing: "ease-in",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.1, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0.05, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.2, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_R, new THREE.Vector3(0.3, 0, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0.15, 0, 0)],
]),
},
{
time: 0.3,
easing: "ease-out",
boneRotations: new Map([
[BoneName.KNEE_L, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.KNEE_R, new THREE.Euler(-0.05, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.HIP_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.SPINE_MIDDLE, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_L, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, -1.2, "XYZ")],
[BoneName.ELBOW_R, new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 1.2, "XYZ")],
]),
bonePositions: new Map([
[BoneName.FOOT_L, new THREE.Vector3(0.3, 0, 0)],
[BoneName.PELVIS, new THREE.Vector3(0.3, 0, 0)],
]),
},
],
};
/**
* Map of all step animations by direction
*
* Diagonal steps use combination of cardinal animations with appropriate
* angle adjustments in the rendering system.
*
* @korean 발걸음애니메이션맵
*/
export const STEP_ANIMATIONS = new Map<string, SkeletalAnimation>([
["step_forward", STEP_FORWARD_ANIMATION],
["step_back", STEP_BACK_ANIMATION],
["step_left", STEP_LEFT_ANIMATION],
["step_right", STEP_RIGHT_ANIMATION],
]);
/**
* Get skeletal animation for step direction
*
* For diagonal steps, returns the primary cardinal animation.
* The rendering system handles diagonal movement by combining animations.
*
* @param direction - Step direction
* @returns Skeletal animation or undefined
* @korean 발걸음애니메이션가져오기
*/
export function getStepAnimation(
direction: string
): SkeletalAnimation | undefined {
// Direct cardinal steps
if (STEP_ANIMATIONS.has(direction)) {
return STEP_ANIMATIONS.get(direction);
}
// Diagonal steps use forward/back as base
// The rendering system (SkeletalPlayer3D) handles diagonal movement by
// applying rotation (45° angles) while playing the cardinal animation
Eif (direction.includes("forward")) {
return STEP_FORWARD_ANIMATION;
}
if (direction.includes("back")) {
return STEP_BACK_ANIMATION;
}
return undefined;
}
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