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* Coordinate Mapper for 2D→3D conversion in Black Trigram.
*
* **Korean**: 좌표 변환기 (2D → 3D)
*
* Maps 2D pixel coordinates from the vital points data (UI overlay) to 3D world
* coordinates for physics-based collision detection. This allows the UI-based
* vital point system to work seamlessly with Three.js 3D collision detection.
*
* ## Coordinate Systems
*
* - **2D Pixel Space**: Origin (0,0) at top-left, used by vital points UI overlay
* - **3D World Space**: Origin (0,0,0) at character center, used by collision detection
*
* ## Character Model Assumptions
*
* - Character height: 1.75m (average adult)
* - Character width: 0.5m (shoulder width)
* - Character depth: 0.3m (chest to back)
* - Standing position: feet at y=0, head at y=1.75
*
* ## Mapping Strategy
*
* The mapper uses anatomical regions to determine the Z-depth (front-to-back position)
* of vital points, ensuring physically accurate 3D positions for collision detection.
*
* @module systems/physics/CoordinateMapper
* @category Physics System
* @korean 좌표변환
*/
import type { Position } from "@/types/common";
import type { Position3D, AnatomicalRegionPhysics } from "@/types/physics";
import type { VitalPoint } from "../vitalpoint/types";
/**
* Configuration for the character model coordinate mapping.
*
* **Korean**: 캐릭터 모델 설정
*/
export interface CharacterModelConfig {
/** Character height in meters (default: 1.75m) */
readonly height: number;
/** Character shoulder width in meters (default: 0.5m) */
readonly width: number;
/** Character depth (chest to back) in meters (default: 0.3m) */
readonly depth: number;
/** UI overlay width in pixels (default: 200px) */
readonly overlayWidth: number;
/** UI overlay height in pixels (default: 300px) */
readonly overlayHeight: number;
}
/**
* Average adult standing height used for physics mapping (meters).
*
* This value is based on common anthropometric data and provides a
* reasonable default for a neutral, unarmed character in Black Trigram.
*/
const AVERAGE_ADULT_HEIGHT_M = 1.75; // 175cm average adult height
/**
* Average shoulder width used for frontal collision and UI mapping (meters).
*
* This approximates the biacromial (shoulder-to-shoulder) breadth for an
* adult, which is sufficient for our hitbox and overlay alignment needs.
*/
const AVERAGE_SHOULDER_WIDTH_M = 0.5; // 50cm shoulder width
/**
* Average torso depth (chest to back) used for front/back hit placement (meters).
*/
const AVERAGE_TORSO_DEPTH_M = 0.3; // 30cm chest depth
/**
* Default UI overlay width in pixels.
*
* This matches the designed vital-point sprite asset width, ensuring that
* pixel coordinates from the overlay map consistently to the 3D character.
*/
const DEFAULT_OVERLAY_WIDTH_PX = 200; // Standard UI overlay width
/**
* Default UI overlay height in pixels.
*
* This matches the designed vital-point sprite asset height, keeping the
* 2D→3D mapping resolution-independent but asset-consistent.
*/
const DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HEIGHT_PX = 300; // Standard UI overlay height
/**
* Default character model configuration based on average adult proportions.
*/
const DEFAULT_CHARACTER_CONFIG: CharacterModelConfig = {
height: AVERAGE_ADULT_HEIGHT_M,
width: AVERAGE_SHOULDER_WIDTH_M,
depth: AVERAGE_TORSO_DEPTH_M,
overlayWidth: DEFAULT_OVERLAY_WIDTH_PX,
overlayHeight: DEFAULT_OVERLAY_HEIGHT_PX,
};
/**
* Z-depth (front-to-back) offsets for different anatomical regions.
*
* Units are **meters in model space**, measured along the character's local Z axis,
* and are applied relative to the character's center plane (Z = 0) and the
* configured {@link CharacterModelConfig.depth}. With the default depth of
* `0.3m`, an offset of `0.05` corresponds to ≈5 cm of forward displacement.
*
* These values were chosen as simple, stable approximations based on average
* adult proportions and validated visually against the default rig:
*
* - `head: 0.05` → head center sits slightly in front of the torso plane
* (≈1/6 of torso depth) to match typical forward head posture.
* - `neck: 0.02` → neck base is close to the torso plane but not perfectly
* centered, acknowledging slight anterior offset of the trachea/sternum.
* - `torso: 0.0` → torso vital points lie on the reference center plane that
* approximates the mid‑chest / spine midpoint.
* - `arms: 0.05` → relaxed arms hang slightly in front of the torso plane,
* using the same forward offset as the head for consistency.
* - `legs: 0.0` → leg targets (front of thighs/shins) are modeled on the
* center plane; depth variation is instead captured by vertical placement.
*
* If you change {@link CharacterModelConfig.depth}, you may keep these absolute
* meter values (for physical fidelity) or re‑express them as fractions of the
* new depth, but they should continue to represent small (≈0–5 cm) anatomical
* offsets from the torso midline.
*/
const REGION_DEPTH_OFFSETS: Record<AnatomicalRegionPhysics, number> = {
head: 0.05, // ≈5 cm forward from torso mid-plane to match cranial alignment
neck: 0.02, // ≈2 cm forward; neck base is near, but not exactly on, center
torso: 0.0, // Torso reference plane (mid‑chest / spine midpoint)
arms: 0.05, // ≈5 cm forward; relaxed arms rest slightly in front of torso
legs: 0.0, // Legs aligned to torso center plane; front/back handled elsewhere
};
/**
* Coordinate Mapper for converting 2D pixel coordinates to 3D world coordinates.
*
* **Korean**: 좌표 변환기
*
* Provides bidirectional mapping between the 2D UI overlay coordinate system
* and the 3D physics world coordinate system.
*
* @public
* @category Physics System
* @korean 좌표변환기
*/
export class CoordinateMapper {
private readonly config: CharacterModelConfig;
/**
* Creates a new CoordinateMapper with optional custom configuration.
*
* @param config - Optional character model configuration
*/
constructor(config: Partial<CharacterModelConfig> = {}) {
this.config = { ...DEFAULT_CHARACTER_CONFIG, ...config };
}
/**
* Converts a 2D pixel position to a 3D world position.
*
* **Korean**: 2D → 3D 변환
*
* Maps UI overlay pixel coordinates to 3D world space coordinates suitable
* for physics collision detection.
*
* @param pixel2D - 2D pixel position (origin top-left)
* @param region - Anatomical region for Z-depth calculation
* @returns 3D world position in meters (origin at character center)
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const mapper = new CoordinateMapper();
* const vitalPoint = { position: { x: 100, y: 50 } };
* const worldPos = mapper.pixel2DToWorld3D(vitalPoint.position, "head");
* // worldPos: { x: 0, y: 1.45, z: 0.05 }
* ```
*/
pixel2DToWorld3D(pixel2D: Position, region: AnatomicalRegionPhysics): Position3D {
// Normalize pixel coordinates to 0-1 range
const normalizedX = pixel2D.x / this.config.overlayWidth;
const normalizedY = pixel2D.y / this.config.overlayHeight;
// Convert to world coordinates
// X: Map from pixel space (0 = left, overlayWidth = right) to world space (-width/2 to +width/2)
const worldX = (normalizedX - 0.5) * this.config.width;
// Y: Map from pixel space (0 = top, overlayHeight = bottom) to world space (height to 0)
// Invert Y-axis: pixel 0 = top = character head, pixel overlayHeight = bottom = character feet
const worldY = (1 - normalizedY) * this.config.height;
// Z: Use anatomical region to determine depth offset
const worldZ = REGION_DEPTH_OFFSETS[region];
return {
x: worldX,
y: worldY,
z: worldZ,
};
}
/**
* Converts a 3D world position to a 2D pixel position.
*
* **Korean**: 3D → 2D 변환
*
* Maps 3D world space coordinates back to UI overlay pixel coordinates.
* Useful for debugging and visual feedback.
*
* @param world3D - 3D world position in meters
* @returns 2D pixel position (origin top-left)
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const mapper = new CoordinateMapper();
* const worldPos = { x: 0, y: 1.45, z: 0.05 };
* const pixelPos = mapper.world3DToPixel2D(worldPos);
* // pixelPos: { x: 100, y: 50 }
* ```
*/
world3DToPixel2D(world3D: Position3D): Position {
// Convert world X to normalized 0-1 range
const normalizedX = (world3D.x / this.config.width) + 0.5;
// Convert world Y to normalized 0-1 range (inverted)
const normalizedY = 1 - (world3D.y / this.config.height);
// Convert to pixel coordinates
return {
x: Math.round(normalizedX * this.config.overlayWidth),
y: Math.round(normalizedY * this.config.overlayHeight),
};
}
/**
* Converts a vital point's 2D position to 3D world position.
*
* **Korean**: 급소 위치 변환
*
* Convenience method that extracts position and region from a VitalPoint object.
*
* @param vitalPoint - Vital point with 2D position
* @returns 3D world position
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const mapper = new CoordinateMapper();
* const temple = VITAL_POINTS_DATA.find(vp => vp.id === "head_temple");
* const worldPos = mapper.vitalPointToWorld3D(temple);
* ```
*/
vitalPointToWorld3D(vitalPoint: VitalPoint): Position3D {
// Infer region from vital point ID prefix
const region = this.inferRegionFromId(vitalPoint.id);
return this.pixel2DToWorld3D(vitalPoint.position, region);
}
/**
* Infers the anatomical region from a vital point ID.
*
* **Korean**: 급소 ID에서 영역 추론
*
* @param vitalPointId - Vital point ID (e.g., "head_temple", "torso_solar_plexus")
* @returns Anatomical region
*
* @private
*/
private inferRegionFromId(vitalPointId: string): AnatomicalRegionPhysics {
if (vitalPointId.startsWith("head_")) return "head";
if (vitalPointId.startsWith("neck_")) return "neck";
if (vitalPointId.startsWith("torso_")) return "torso";
Iif (vitalPointId.startsWith("arm_")) return "arms";
Iif (vitalPointId.startsWith("leg_")) return "legs";
// Default to torso if no clear region prefix
return "torso";
}
/**
* Calculates the distance between a 3D point and a vital point's 3D position.
*
* **Korean**: 거리 계산
*
* @param point3D - Point in 3D world space
* @param vitalPoint - Vital point to measure distance to
* @returns Distance in meters
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const mapper = new CoordinateMapper();
* const attackPoint = { x: 0, y: 1.5, z: 0.1 };
* const temple = VITAL_POINTS_DATA.find(vp => vp.id === "head_temple");
* const distance = mapper.distanceToVitalPoint(attackPoint, temple);
* ```
*/
distanceToVitalPoint(point3D: Position3D, vitalPoint: VitalPoint): number {
const vitalPoint3D = this.vitalPointToWorld3D(vitalPoint);
const dx = point3D.x - vitalPoint3D.x;
const dy = point3D.y - vitalPoint3D.y;
const dz = point3D.z - vitalPoint3D.z;
return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
}
/**
* Finds the closest vital point to a 3D position within a given region.
*
* **Korean**: 가장 가까운 급소 찾기
*
* @param point3D - Point in 3D world space
* @param vitalPoints - Array of vital points to search
* @param region - Optional region filter
* @returns Closest vital point and distance, or null if none found
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* const mapper = new CoordinateMapper();
* const hitPoint = { x: 0, y: 1.7, z: 0.05 };
* const result = mapper.findClosestVitalPoint(hitPoint, VITAL_POINTS_DATA, "head");
* if (result) {
* console.log(`Hit ${result.vitalPoint.names.english} at ${result.distance}m`);
* }
* ```
*/
findClosestVitalPoint(
point3D: Position3D,
vitalPoints: readonly VitalPoint[],
region?: AnatomicalRegionPhysics
): { vitalPoint: VitalPoint; distance: number } | null {
let closestVitalPoint: VitalPoint | null = null;
let closestDistance = Infinity;
for (const vitalPoint of vitalPoints) {
// Filter by region if specified
if (region) {
const vpRegion = this.inferRegionFromId(vitalPoint.id);
if (vpRegion !== region) continue;
}
const distance = this.distanceToVitalPoint(point3D, vitalPoint);
if (distance < closestDistance) {
closestDistance = distance;
closestVitalPoint = vitalPoint;
}
}
if (closestVitalPoint === null) {
return null;
}
return {
vitalPoint: closestVitalPoint,
distance: closestDistance,
};
}
/**
* Gets the current character model configuration.
*
* @returns Current configuration
*/
getConfig(): CharacterModelConfig {
return { ...this.config };
}
}
/**
* Default singleton instance for convenient access.
*
* **Korean**: 기본 인스턴스
*
* @example
* ```typescript
* import { defaultCoordinateMapper } from './CoordinateMapper';
*
* const worldPos = defaultCoordinateMapper.pixel2DToWorld3D({ x: 100, y: 50 }, "head");
* ```
*/
export const defaultCoordinateMapper = new CoordinateMapper();
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